Sattriya

Overview

Sattriya is a classical dance form originating from the state of Assam in Northeast India. The name comes from “Satra,” which refers to monasteries where this art form evolved. Sattriya is characterized by its vigorous movements, intricate footwork, graceful hand gestures, and the use of traditional Assamese music and instruments. The dance celebrates stories from Hindu mythology with particular emphasis on Krishna’s life and exploits.

History & Origin

Sattriya evolved in the 15th-16th centuries in the Satra monasteries of Assam, established by the saint-reformer Sankaradeva. These monasteries served as centers of learning, music, and dance. Originally performed as part of religious rituals and to spread devotional teachings, Sattriya was traditionally performed by monks and male students.

In recent decades, Sattriya has gained recognition as a classical dance form, with women now actively participating in its preservation and promotion.

Distinctive Features

Vigorous footwork and graceful gestures characterize Sattriya dance

Photo by Sattriyadance critic | Wikimedia Commons

Rapid Footwork

Sattriya is known for complex, rapid footwork that creates intricate rhythmic patterns. The dancer’s feet become percussive instruments, marking time and creating visual interest.

Hand Gestures (Mudras)

Sattriya uses symbolic hand gestures to communicate stories and emotions. The hands move with grace and precision, creating beautiful lines and expressions.

Vigorous Yet Graceful Movements

Sattriya balances masculine vigor with feminine grace. Movements can be explosive and dynamic while maintaining elegance and aesthetic appeal.

Expressive Facial Expressions

The face plays an important role in communicating emotions and narrative. Subtle and dramatic expressions convey the story being told.

Performance & Themes

Sattriya performances are rooted in devotional traditions, particularly celebrating Krishna’s life and teachings. Common themes include:

• Krishna Leela: Stories of Krishna’s youthful exploits and divine play
• Devotional Themes: Celebrations of spiritual love and devotion
• Mythological Narratives: Tales from Hindu epics and scriptures
• Philosophical Teachings: Communication of spiritual wisdom through dance

Sattriya performances are typically accompanied by traditional Assamese music with instruments like the Khol (drum) and Cymbals.

Costumes & Adornments

Traditional Assamese costume reflects regional cultural heritage

Photo by Sattriyadance | Wikimedia Commons

Sattriya costumes blend traditional Assamese dress with classical dance aesthetics:

• Dhoti or Skirt: Traditional lower garment, often in silk with traditional patterns
• Chola: A fitted upper garment, typically in contrasting colors
• Orhni/Dupatta: A draped cloth worn across the body
• Jewelry: Traditional ornaments including waist chain, necklaces, ear ornaments
• Head Ornament: Flowers and traditional decorations for the hair
• Footwear: Traditional leather shoes or bare feet

Sattriya Today

Sattriya gained recognition as one of India’s eight classical dance forms only in 2000. Despite this recent official recognition, the art form has a long and rich history. Today, Sattriya is actively promoted through training centers, performances, and festivals. Both men and women now perform Sattriya, and the art form continues to attract dedicated practitioners and audiences worldwide.